Bitcoin (BTC) adoption is rising amongst international locations, with 32 nations actively pursuing publicity via laws, representing roughly one in six nations worldwide, in keeping with a Bitcoin Coverage Institute report printed Sept. 22.
The examine paperwork a speedy acceleration in authorities adoption following President Donald Trump’s election and subsequent government order establishing a US Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.
The report recognized energetic Bitcoin publicity in 27 international locations, whereas 13 have proposed laws to realize such publicity.
The numbers replicate overlapping classes, as some nations pursue a number of approaches concurrently. Argentina operates government-backed mining utilizing flared fuel whereas proposing laws for a strategic reserve.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) employs three energetic publicity strategies: government-backed mining, sovereign wealth fund investments in Bitcoin ETFs, and tax cost acceptance.
Strategic Bitcoin Reserve is the go-to technique
Strategic Bitcoin Reserves (SBR) characterize the commonest method, with 16 international locations having proposed or enacted such insurance policies.
Trump’s government order established federal coverage of retaining quite than promoting seized Bitcoin holdings, citing $17 billion in potential features that may have been missed from earlier liquidations.
Arizona, New Hampshire, and Texas have codified state-level reserves into regulation, with dozens extra states contemplating related measures.
In addition to the thought of an SBR, government-backed Bitcoin mining ranks because the second most prevalent methodology, with 14 international locations actively or proposing such operations.
Authorities-backed exploration
Ten nations at the moment mine via electrical energy provision preparations that generate profit-sharing Bitcoin accumulation. Argentina, Bhutan, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Iran, North Korea, Oman, Russia, the UAE, and Venezuela all preserve or beforehand operated authorities mining packages.
Seven international locations maintain Bitcoin via passive holdings, comprising seized cryptocurrency that governments have chosen to not promote. Bulgaria, China, Finland, Georgia, India, the UK, and Venezuela preserve such holdings, with Finland particularly retaining cash pending courtroom rulings.
4 international locations settle for tax funds in Bitcoin throughout varied jurisdictions. Panama Metropolis, the Swiss cantons, Dubai, and Colorado state permit Bitcoin tax funds, with Vancouver, Canada, proposing related laws.
Authorities pension funds and sovereign wealth funds present further publicity avenues. Michigan’s state pension fund invested immediately in Bitcoin, whereas 17 different state pension funds preserve oblique publicity via Technique holdings.
Internationally, Japan’s authorities pension fund is exploring direct funding, and South Korea’s fund holds substantial Strategic allocations.
‘Sport-theoretic race’
The report positioned Bitcoin adoption as a “game-theoretic race” amongst nations searching for alternate options to conventional reserve belongings. International locations view Bitcoin as a complement to gold reserves, offering digital portability benefits over bodily belongings.
The authors argue that Bitcoin provides sanctions-resistant properties and permits direct worldwide funds with out greenback intermediation.
Adoption momentum has accelerated markedly since Trump’s election, with publicity occasions spiking from sporadic pre-2020 exercise to over 50 occasions in early 2025.
The report concluded that main powers throughout continents now interact with Bitcoin as a macroeconomic asset, making a reversal unlikely.
